United in Cusco, my family and I explored some truly impressive Incan monuments in this beautiful stretch of our planet.
First of all, we went to the sleepy village of Maras, located at the rim of the Sacred Valley of the Incas. We watched the locals doing agriculture in quite a simple manner and in doing so we were teleported back in time. In the course of our scenic hike along golden fields backed by icy rugged mountains under a steel blue sky, we got to the salt pans of Salinas nestled in a steep canyon. Since more than 500 years, salt is produced there. The hot, mineral-loaden water leaving the rock is distributed via a sophisticated channel system and trapped in a complex of terraces, which form a colourful mosaic according to their mineral content. By sun-driven evaporation and continuous refilling of the pans with volcanic water, the salt accumulates in the pan and can finally be extracted. Simple, but ingenious. 🙂
Close to the city of Cusco one can visit the massive ruins of Saqsayhuamán (pronounced more or less like “sexy woman”). 😛 Considering that after earthquakes and Spanish destruction the remaining parts only represent 20 % of the former complex, it was a VAST fortress. Cusco once had the outline of a puma, with Saqsayhuamán being its head; the external walls were arranged in a zig-zag pattern forming some whopping 27 giant teeth, which furthermore fulfilled an excellent defensive function splitting attacking armies. The Spaniards arrived in the northern Incan Empire (today Ecuador) in 1530 and as they started to subdue the Incas, resistance formed. One of the most important battles between the Conquistadores and the Incas took place at this very place in 1536 and the Inkas nearly expelled the Spaniards. But it was one of those ridiculous coincidents in the Spanish conquest that only 50 cavaliers made the crucial difference… Cusco, the glorious capital of the Golden Empire, was taken and the surviving Incan warriors escaped to the immense fortress of Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley (see below).
On our way to Ollantaytambo, we took a little detour to Moray near Maras. Moray is a huge earthen bowl with terraces arranged in a concentric manner. Each level of the terrace is characterized by a certain degree of moisture due to different angles of the sunbeams. It is hard to believe, but the Incas did ecological studies in order to optimize their crops! This laboratory, constructed in the shape of a steep funnel-like bowl, blew our minds since we did not expect anything that big and made us once more to take our hats off to such an advanced culture back then.
…and eventually, we got to the mountain fortress of Ollantaytambo located at the slopes of the Sacred Valley. The village of the same name is a formidable example of Incan city architecture. The narrow alleys paved with cobblestones and adjacent bubbling water channels once more took us back in time. Ollantaytambo is not only a lovely destination because of its ruins and landscape, but also because of its authenticity and silence after the tourists have returned to Cusco in the evening. 🙂 We were further lucky enough to be part of the Choquekillca festivities and got to see crazy costumes and dances! The fortress was also a ceremonial centre just as Saqsayhuamán: the Incas started to construct an immense temple there which would have been the biggest temple in their entire empire in case of completion, which the Spaniards prevented. It remains unclear how they carried the up to 200 t heavy blocks from the quarry at other side of the valley to the construction site, since the Incas did not have wheels. The fortress of Ollantaytambo represents one of the view places in history where the Incas successfully fought back (in 1536), but victory did not last long since the Conquistadores returned to finish their disastrous mission.
Ollantaytambo fortress is located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas on a ledge, which blocks the further course of the valley like a lid, in order to protect another miracle: Machu Picchu.
Medio de transporte en Maras. Means of transport in Maras. Transportmittel in Maras.
Mamá en un campo cerca de Maras. Mum in a field near Maras. Mutti in einem Feld bei Maras.
Las terrazas de sal de Salinas. The salt pans of Salinas. Die Salzterrassen von Salinas.
Las Salinas.
Choclo de colores diferentes. Corn of different colours. Mais in verschiedenen Farben.
Dentro de Saqsayhuamán. Within Saqsayhuamán. In Saqsayhuamán.
Qocha en Saqsayhuamán: cementerio. Qocha in Saqsayhuamán: cemetery. Qocha in Saqsayhuamán: Friedhof.
Roca y árbol en Saqsayhuamán. Rock and tree in Saqsayhuamán. Fels und Baum in Saqsayhuamán.
La explanada de Saqsayhuamán: la boca del puma; Cusco al fondo. Mira la gente a la derecha. Saqsayhuamán esplanade: the puma’s mouth; Cusco in the background. Note the people to the right. Die Esplanade von Saqsayhuamán: Maul des Pumas; Cuzco im Hintergrund. Man beachte die Leute rechts.
Alpaca que va muy chula. Dressy alpaca. Schickes Alpaka.
Moray – mira la gente abajo. Moray – pay attention to the people down there. Moray – man beachte die Leute unten in der Anlage.
Feliz en Moray. Happy in Moray. Glücklich in Moray.
Mamá en Ollantaytambo (al fondo: las terrazas de la fortaleza). Mum in Ollantaytambo (in the background: the terraces of the fortress). Mutti in Ollantaytambo (im Hintergrund: die Terrassen der Festung).
El pueblo de Ollantaytambo con el Valle Sagrado de las Incas. The village of Ollantaytambo with the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Das Dorf Ollantaytambo mit dem Heiligen Tal der Inka.
Ruinas en Ollantaytambo. Ruins in Ollantaytambo. Ruinen in Ollantaytambo.
Dentro de la fortaleza de Ollantaytambo. Within the Ollantaytambo fortress. In der Festung von Ollantaytambo.
Panorámica de la fortaleza de Ollantaytambo. Panorama view of Ollantaytambo fortress. Panoramablick auf die Festung von Ollantaytambo.
Choquekillaca, Ollantaytambo.
Choquekillaca, Ollantaytambo.
Casa llena de choclo. House full of corn. Haus voller Mais.
Choclo secando. Drying corn. Trocknender Mais.